During the Middle Ages, a period lasting from the 5th to the 15th century, Europe experienced significant cultural, political, and social changes. This era was characterized by feudalism, the rise of powerful kingdoms, the spread of Christianity, and the construction of magnificent cathedrals and castles. The Medieval period also saw the development of chivalry, the code of conduct followed by knights, as well as the emergence of universities and the flourishing of art and literature.